Wars.

 

hile the townspeople worked, someone would like to be at war.

In an antiquity there were many wars. And practically always territories, close to Mogilyov, were as a yard with a through-passage. Robberies, murders, fires, illnesses, famine, death. Per such years the population was considerably reduced.

The 16-th century. Three times Moscow army occurred under walls of the town, but they were afraid to storm it. As I already spoke, the urban fortress was practically unapproachable. However on June 27, 1581 the Moscow army by number 45 thousands warriors has approached to Mogilyov. They burned Lupolovo, Podmikolie, the areas without fortifications. And the castle and its small garrison have remained unapproachable and not defeated. The losses of the defendings were two persons.

The 17-th century. It was again the war between Russia and Rzecz Pospolita. The town was yielded by townspeople, when it has become clear, that the help would not follow. After that Mogilyov has undergone to a robbery. Many townspeople has not wanted to remain in town, occupied by Moscow army and have left in Poland and Lithuania.

Six years Mogilyov was under Russian authority. Incessant robberies including from temples, outrage Moscows warriors etc.

And the day of reckoning has come. February 1, 1661. During some hours the Moscow garrison was completely cut out. For this courageous act many townspeople has received nobility, and Mogilev has got a new arm: on a light-blue field there are three urban towers, in the average tower there is the knight with lifted sword in an open gate, above a horseman - "pursuit". And today this arm is the official emblem of the town. Look at the top of page.

One of catalysts of these events was impoverished of the population because of introduction by Moscow of a copper coin. As a chronicler wrote, Moscow took out a gold and silver coin, and imported the copper one.

The direct development of events looked so. Skeleton of resistance were the head of the Moguilev bourgeois, burgomaster Yasep Levanovitch with his assistants. Under the preliminary understanding each townspeople - the owner of a house, where quartered Moscow warriors, has taken out flint from guns at night. And when the next day Moscow warriors have begun to snatch and to take away the pies on the market at the market-women, Yasep Levanovitch, armed hidden under a wear sword, "crossed and began to cut Moscow, in the meantime brotherly peal has responded on this turmoil, the excitements, fight, war have begun. " The great help have been rendered by Polish prisoners of war, which have been released by one of bourgeois. Behind Bykhovsky market there is a military unit, here till 1880 there was a prison. Rather probably the prisoners of war were in it. In some hours it was all over.

In 1667 the most bloody war in a history of Belarus was finished in which each second has perished. It is natural, that this misfortune has not bypassed and our town.

In spite of anything by the end of the 17-th century Mogilyov has reached significant successes in economic development. In Moguilev there were about 15 thousands of the inhabitants and 3 thousands of houses. On the sizes it was larger than Mensk (Minsk).

Northern War 1700-21 between Rzecz Pospolita and its allies, including Russia, and Sweden and its allies has brought to Mogilyov heavy disasters. Russia was at war against the Swedes in the territory of Belarus during 8 years. The result - each third inhabitant of the country has perished. In Moguilev the Swedes have destroyed about 1700 houses, it was more than half.

During the Patriotic War of 1812 French forces of the marshal Davu have captured the town on July 8 and have plundered it. The July 10-11 in 12 kms to the south of Mogilyov Saltanovskaya battle of Russian and French armies has taken place.

The town was restored and continued to live.

On the eve of peasant reform of 1861 Mogilyov was one of large towns of Belarus. Each third building was stone. If to make analogy,it as though now each third house was with two-storeyed apartments.

That Mogilyov was a rich town, the town of the rich men was known even in Turkey. It is interesting, whether it knows there about Moguilev today?

As the archaeologists mark, Moguilev area is very rich on any sorts of treasures.

However it's time. This is the fifth and last minute from the past.

 

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